Hong Kong Peoples Social Values Of Welfare Sociology Essay

Hong Kong Peoples Social Values Of Welfare Sociology Essay Subject: Critically look at the turn of events and changes of social estimations of government assistance held by Hong Kong individuals when 1997. What are the components influencing the changes? Government assistance is all aggregate mediations to address certain issues of the individual or potentially to serve the more extensive interests of society may now be comprehensively gathered into㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦ classifications of government assistance (Titmuss, 1959). The advancement in the social estimations of government assistance has consistently been changing consistently, especially the twentieth century. In conventional Chinese society, individuals used to accepted that social government assistance, or fuk lei, was given by kind-hearted givers in the public arena (N. Chow, 1994, p.325). In the mid twentieth century, the idea of social government assistance was still exceptionally feeble among Hong Kong individuals. Greater part of government assistance administrations were given by non-government associations before 1965 (W. S. Chow, 1993, p. 41). The circumstance changed after the distribution of the white paper of the social government assistance in 1965. Along with the a scent of social specialist, more individuals consider social government assistance is a piece of their social equality in the next decades. In 1997, the adjustment in sway of Hong Kong and the Asian money related emergency welcomed a noteworthy effect on the social estimations of government assistance. In the accompanying sections, I will quickly talk about the advancement of social government assistance in Hong Kong and the relating social estimations of government assistance, especially the progressions when 1997. As will be contended, there are both long haul and momentary elements that drove the changes. The previous would be the expanding thought of social equality and the last would be the Asian budgetary emergency in 1997, the adjustment in power of Hong Kong and the distribution of Comprehensive Social Security Assistance (CSSA) Review. In the mid twentieth century, dominant part of individuals considered government assistance was given by kind-hearted givers in the public arena. As Hong Kong was a province of Britain around then, the pilgrim government put their spotlights on ensuring the Britishs intrigue, especially the British traders. Consequently, the living condition and government assistance of neighborhood Chinese were not worried by the frontier government except if it meddle the enthusiasm of British. With this pilgrim foundation, neighborhood Chinese justified the idea of government assistance would not be given by the pioneer government. The Chinese shippers utilized their riches to build up and keep up their notorieties and influential positions through demonstrations of good cause (Leung, 1996, p.3). They set up associations and offered government assistance to local people. Among these associations, Tung Wah Hospital was the most vital altruistic association which cooked the clinical administrations and government assistance needs to local people. Aside from these associations, houses of worship and tribes man affiliation would likewise offer government assistance to local people as well. In the post World War II period, the circumstance had a somewhat change. In the post war period, an enormous number of non-government or deliberate government assistance associations were set up in Hong Kong. It is essential to take note of that the vast majority of these government assistance associations had their parent-bodies abroad. A normal case of these associations would be the Hong Kong Red Cross. During this crisis period, the globally connected government assistance association had most likely done considerably more than the administration in meeting the government assistance needs of individuals (N. Chow, 1994, p.324). In spite of the fact that the idea of government assistance is given by kind-hearted givers was debilitate, most of the Chinese in Hong Kong are as yet incapable to wipe away the customary thoughts of government assistance and acknowledge the cutting edge thought that it ought to be the obligation of the state to give the important social government assista nce administrations (N. Chow, 1994, p. 325). In the interim, a huge extent of populace was outcast from territory China (Due to the common war in China). Some portion of them considered Hong Kong is there brief safe house however not their home. Thus, government assistance advancement would not be their thought as they expected to leave Hong Kong soon. These components made there were just little weight gatherings would battle for the rights for local people in that period. The circumstance further changed after 1965. In 1965, the pioneer government distributed the White Paper on social government assistance. N.Y. Chow (1993) recommends that to be precise, the start of social government assistance strategy of Hong Kong was after the distribution of the primary White Paper on social government assistance in 1965 (p.41). The White paper was the primary government record that examines social government assistance strategy in Hong Kong. It clarified the government assistance improvement and incorporated the encounters from the turn of events. Additionally, it gives the stands of pioneer government toward social government assistance strategy and reasons that made the legislature can't execute far reaching social arrangement in Hong Kong. In spite of the fact that the White Paper has been accused for ailing inside and out conversation on the diagram of social government assistance improvement and the predictable difficulties, yet this White paper gives an es tablishment for the further advancement of social government assistance framework (W. S. Chow, 1993). The idea of social government assistance and government were done dissevering like the past. More individuals began to incorporate social government assistance into the job of government. The most fast change was found during the 70s. There were two main considerations that drove the change, the Big Bang of social strategy and the ascent of social specialist. The Big Bang of social arrangement was started by the 25th legislative leader of Hong Kong, Murray MacLehose. After MacLehose take office the senator in 1972, he had a solid awareness of other's expectations towards social government assistance, under his impact, revision of social government assistance strategy was fundamental (W. S. Chow, 1993, p. 52). Aside from it, the expanding social issues (for example the mob in 1966 and 1967, Corruption) drove the interest for governments contribution in social government assistance further expanded. These components asked the distribution of the subsequent White Paper of social government assistance in 1973. The point of the White Paper was allowing a multi year plan of social government assistance improvement and separating the obligation in giving social government as sistance among government and deliberate associations. The parts of social government assistance in the multi year plan included training, lodging, clinical help, social stipend, youth administrations and so forth. The thorough extension of government assistance administrations expanded the inclusion of individuals in social government assistance framework. The estimation of government assistance would not be given by the provincial government was further debilitating in this period. Aside from the Big Bang of social strategy, the ascent of social specialist likewise prompted the noteworthy change in social estimation of government assistance. The ascent of social specialist could be followed back to the professionalization of social work and the actualize of expert preparing at the University of Hong Kong and the Chinese University of Hong Kong in the mid-1960s. During the 1960s, Fabian Socialism was the most in vogue approach educated in the social work schools of the two colleges (N. Chow, 1994, p.327). Fairness, opportunity and cooperation are the focal estimations of Fabian Socialism. The social work understudies in 60s and 70s were unequivocally affected by these qualities. They had a solid feeling of progressing in the direction of a progressively equivalent and equity society. Subsequently, when the understudies became social specialists in the public arena, they would attempt to advocate approaches that accomplish to these two goals. More individuals wou ld think about government assistance as a way to accomplish an equivalent society. Then, the youthful social laborers around then likewise worried on social liberties. They accepted that social government assistance is one the significant pieces of social liberties. At the point when they graduated, they would instruct and advocate people in general to maintain their social equality through various social activities. Accordingly, under this impact, it prompted the ascent of the familiarity with government assistance framework as rights delighted in by resident. Another noteworthy difference in social estimations of government assistance could be found in 1997. The central point that prompted the change is the Asian Financial Crisis in 1997. Prior to the emergency, the economy in Hong Kong was at blast. Lion's share of individuals were effectively putting resources into property market and financial exchange. Around then, individuals accentuated on material qualities and momentary time skyline. Material qualities are the significant basis used to assess the value of things and individuals (C.K. Wong, K. L. Chow K.Y. Wong, 2001, p.68). In the mean time, larger part of Chinese financial specialist were searching for the most extreme advantage in the briefest timeframe. Topley states that numerous Chinese despite everything want to put resources into non-modern property and exchange due to the generally faster return of capital and benefits. When putting resources into industry, the mind-boggling want of speculators is to search for snappy benefits by whatever means present themselves as appealing in the short run as opposed to search for open door for beginning long haul venture. (as refered to in Lau, 1982, p.70) As both of the property market and securities exchange were so prospered, the monetary condition empowered individuals to accomplish the above objectives at the same time. This thus drove Hong Kong got perhaps the wealthiest city in Asia. The expectation for everyday comforts in Hong Kong was one of the most elevated in Hong Kong history in the early mid 1990s. As a great many people could support their life in the market, they put less thought on the government assistance framework. Around then, individuals would consider social government assistance framework was uniquely for the individuals who were deprived in the public arena, similar to older and incapacitated individuals. As it were, notwithstanding the oppressed and the relating pressure gathering, lion's share in the public eye would not think about the government assistance framework as they accepted they could accomplish self-sustentions in showcase. As a rule, social government assistance improvement was overpowered by fi nancial advancement at that period. Be that as it may, a noteworthy change was incited by the 1997 money related emergency. An incredible discouragement in both financial exchange and property advertise was incited by the emergency. Loads of individuals were

Sales Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Deals Management - Essay Example beers agent, it is significance for a project supervisor to observe the circumstance and assume responsibility so as to abstain from losing clients just on account of a deals representative’s conduct. (Churchill, 2000). There are some essential advances that the team lead can take so as to change over the deals person’s conduct from inacceptable to adequate. (Johnston, Churchill, Marshall, Ford, Walker, 2005). Some of such advances are examined underneath. The first and the chief worry of a team lead ought to be to comprehend what a deals representative’s genuine issue is. (Forsyth, 2002). He ought to explore to know why the salesman is acting in that specific way. He should converse with the salesperson in detail so as to comprehend the hidden reasons for his conduct. (Churchill, 2000). These causes may be mental (for example feeling of inadequacy, disappointment, partialities and inclinations dependent on social, ethnic, racial, national, strict or different contrasts, and so forth.), enthusiastic, or some different causes (for example on the off chance that the representative has resentment against a specific client, or the customer’s mentality towards the salesperson is unseemly, and so forth.) (Hughes, McKee, Singler, 1999). When the project lead has a decent information on the deals person’s issues, he can sit with the salesman and attempt to work out a suitable arrangement. (Schwartz, 2006). For instance, if the salesman has absence of inspiration, the project lead can assist him with boosting his spirit through different persuasive activities and strategies. (Spiro, 2003). Or on the other hand if the sales rep has time the board issues, he should attempt to impart such characteristics in him. The administrator should attempt to persuade the sales rep that the client is the ruler and regardless of whether the client isn't right, the sales rep ought to be well mannered with him and ought to broaden regard towards the client consistently. (Honeycutt, Ford, Simintiras, 2003). The director needs to compassionate and well mannered while examining the issue with the salesman so his

Public Art

Public Art Just the other rainy spring day when I was making my way across campus to the clover food truck to satisfy a craving for their famous soy BLT on whole wheat, I passed by numerous workmen unloading flatbeds of mulch, bushes, brightly colored spring flowers to be planted, and a big bunch of string. String? Looking up, I made my way past large equipment and a police officer directing the flow of lunchtime walkers as a young woman on a crane directed workmen on the ground while pointing out how to precisely assemble her public art sculpture. MIT Tech TV String Tunnel by Yuna Kim, Kelly Shaw, and Travis Williams, all graduate students in Architecture, is located at the Dreyfus Building bridge (Building 18) and is just one of more than 20 public art installations all part of the culminating event of the FAST Festival. On the evening of May 7th, the Charles River waterfront and MIT”s campus will glow with sculpture that incorporates light created specifically by MIT students and faculty. How cool is this? But even more impressive to me about MIT”s commitment to art is that there are 91 pieces of public art on campus. I feel like I”m back in art school taking an art history course when I pass by Calder”s Big Sail on the lawn of McDermott Court, or the reclining Henry Moore in Killian Court. There is a Frank Stella room-size installation in Building 7 on the 3rd floor that blurs the boundaries between painting, sculpture and architecture, and an Anish Kapoor in the Stata Center. Geez, the Stata Center itself is a Frank Gehry work of art. And tonight the MIT List Center will dedicate a newly commissioned Percent-for-Art project called Through Layers and Leaves (Closer and Closer) by Scottish sculptor Martin Boyce. “The entire work, at approximately 10 feet tall and 95 feet in length, operates in the interstice between art, architecture, and design, between the space of a public sculpture and the privacy of looking.’ Next time you are walking around campus, be sure to look around at all of MIT”s Public Art offerings. Best viewed with a clover food truck sandwich in hand, of course.

Essay about Egon Schieles Self-Portrait - 905 Words

Egon Schieles Self-Portrait When I look at this portrait, the first thing that hits me is the way the artist, Egon Schiele, appears to have made himself look animated, like a cartoon. The way in which his right eye is rounded like a cartoon character and his left eye is squinting and almost shut, adds to the idea of a the portrait being a cartoon. The squinted left eye is as if he is sneaking around and evaluating his surroundings. If you cover the right side of the face (with the widely opened eye), it makes you realise that the left side with the squinted eye does not look very lifelike, but the two eyes seem to cancel each other out. The over exaggerated wrinkles on Schiele’s face and neck make him look a lot older than he actually†¦show more content†¦I have found out that at the time of this painting, Egon Schiele like to give an expression of extreme poverty. But his claims that at this time he was virtually in rags are at odds not only with what his contemporaries have to say, but with the photographs taken of him. His letters make it plain that he suffered from a degree of persecution mania (a feeling that others have evil designs against one’s well-being) - for example, he wrote in a letter of 1910: How hideous it is here! Everyone envies me and conspires against me. Former colleagues regard me with malevolent eyes. This information could back up the idea that Schiele was making himself look older in the paintings and look animated because he actually felt old, and the fact that the left eye is squinting as if looking around and being paranoid could also be due to his persecution mani a at the time. The portrait is basically just an artist’s self-portrait. Around this time, Egon Schiele became fascinated by his own appearance, and made self-portraits in large numbers. This is one of those portraits. The title does not give away any clues to the meaning or symbolism of the piece, it is just called â€Å"Self-Portrait Pulling Cheek†. One of Schiele’s idols was Gustav Klimt, who had previously studied at the same school, the School of Arts and Crafts in Vienna. We cannot really compare any similarities between the two artists styles, but we can maybe say that Schiele was influenced byShow MoreRelatedThe Work Of Egon Schiele1448 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The work of Egon Schiele is very important to me personally. In this Extended Essay I focus on Egon Schiele because his artworks influence me. He likes to show his hands in his painting and photos. In his self-painting, I can always find out that the hands always attract my eyes. His hands really impress me and I really like his hands. This gives me an idea that to put my own hands on the social software and see that will people love my hands in this era. Now, I think the answer isRead MoreEgon Schiele1268 Words   |  6 Pagesor vigilant, as if waiting for mother to burst through the door. For the red hair, dark straight eyebrows and slim figure confirm that this is Schieles favorite model from these years: his younger sister Gertrude (Gerti), whom Schiele drew obsessively from childhood up until she broke off nude modeling at age 16. When Gerti disappeared from Schieles drawings, around 1910, he replaced her with young prostitutes and truant children — apparently, figure models were as hard to find in Vienna asRead MoreThe Capital Of A Great European Empire1876 Words   |  8 Pagesmodern influences in Vienna, many of the fundamental artistic impulses began to shape the environment and colonize the fin-de-sià ¨cle (end of century) Vienna. What links the representatives of modernism in Vienna in music, art, and literature is their self-conscious distancing of themselves from the representational art of the nineteenth century. In place of an art oriented to historical and traditional styles, these figures offered new content and new creation of forms, which are nevertheless too heterogeneous

Should College Athletes Be Paid - 1402 Words

Should College Athletes be Paid? Most American people like sports. College Sports have been growing up every year and universities and athletes are more competitive every year. The NCAA (National Collegiate Athletic Association) was founded in 1906 to protect young people from the dangerous and exploitive athletics practices of the time and continues to implement that principle with increased emphasis on both athletics and academic excellence (NCAA 2012). The NCAA make and apply the rules in college sports. One of the most pressing issues in Today’s sport world is if College athletes should be paid. Sports such as baseball, football and basketball generate giant amounts of revenue every year and has become the NCAA in a multi-billion†¦show more content†¦The NCAA definitely should share a little more with the athletes. The first and easiest argument that people use to fight against payment for college athletes is saying that college athletes get pay because they get a free education. Analyzing this s tatement we can say that free tuitions education is not everything that college athlete’s needs. A full scholarship in a DIV 1 university cost to the school between $25,000 and $40,000 per year which means $100,000 over 4 years, it sounds like a lot of money, but is it enough? A Full scholarship in a DIV 1 university will cover just the basic needs that athletes require. Is it fair to cover just the basic needs of an athlete who generate to the school a big revenue? For example, according to Economist John Leonard in the book Microeconomics for Today by Irving B. Tucker a star college football player generates around $100.000 per year; Joe Wyoming All American quarterback of the Nebraska State University let his University to play in the Sugar Bowl; Nebraska State University received 5 million for the appearance and his scholarship was not even 1% of the money that a football season generate for the school (John Leonard). 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What if your college is good at football and your basketball team is awfulRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1398 Words   |  6 Pagesbelieve that college athletes at the highest performing schools are better treated than others. Although they do not get paid, they do receive some benefits for being athletes that other students would not get. One advantage for playing a sport is access to scholarships that some schools reserve for their athletes. Depending on the school and the athlete’s performance, money towards tuition is often given. Only some schools are willing to grant â€Å"full-ride† scholar ships for certain athletes. AccordingRead MoreShould College Athletes Be Paid?1364 Words   |  6 PagesHave you paid attention to all of the news that has been surfacing about collegiate sports lately? It is a big topic now days in the world of sports on weather college athletes should be getting paid to play sports. 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The NCAA has an average annual revenue of $10.6 billion dollars. College athletes should be paid because of the amount of revenue that they bring to their college. Each individual college should pay its athletes based on how much revenue they bring to the college in which they attend. The colleges that win their Division title, their Conference title, or the National championship, give bonuses to the Head coach of that

The Arguments of the Class Theorists Free Essays

Class theorists argue that class provides the basic structure of society and is also the chief cause of the inequality of modern societies. The hierarchy of the Australia class system consists of a â€Å"ruling† upper class, a â€Å"white-collar† middle class, and a â€Å"laboring† working class. There is enormous inequality between the class groups and especially between the upper- and middle-classes and the working-class. We will write a custom essay sample on The Arguments of the Class Theorists or any similar topic only for you Order Now What class you belong to plays a determining role in what sort of life you lead. Those at the top of the class structure typically seem to have more power, more wealth, more opportunities, and more control over their lives than those at the bottom. They also have a greater impact on society and use this advantage to manipulate society to serve their values and suit their needs. This is no where more evident than in the social institution of education. Education is one of the great dividers amongst classes. The school you go to often determines what sort of qualifications you obtain, what job you get and, thus, how much money you earn and what class you move into. Education is a means in which individuals seek social mobility. Parents realized this long ago and some struggle to send their children to private schools to give them a better chance of succeeding in the class hierarchy. Other children, typically from working-class backgrounds, are victims of low expectations, both from their parents and internally, and leave school as soon as they can, moving into low-paid jobs near the bottom of the social ladder. Whereas, many upper-class and middle-class pupils regard tertiary education as the natural way to their future careers. John Germov states that the education system is a product of a class society and that every society must reproduce itself using its social institutions. Schools accomplish this reproduction of the class system through ideological hegemony, where the dominant belief system, that of the upper-class and even middle-class, is the overriding principle underlying the curriculum and agenda of the educational system. The dominant values, those of the upper-class, are therefore, transmitted and spread through education. This overemphasis of the upper-class ethos tends to alienate working-class children giving way to a feeling of intimidation and eventually it yields resistance to and resignation from schooling. Cultural capital- the knowledge, skills, and beliefs essential for school success- is also an important factor in educational merit. As stated earlier, those at the top of the class hierarchy usually have more wealth and more opportunities. This puts them at a straightaway advantage to those at the lower end of the hierarchy. Cultural capital varies through the classes, as is evident by the greater number of upper- and middle-class children attending tertiary institutions and the high number of working-class dropouts. The pursuit of a classless society is an important gauge of how much progress we have made in diminishing the adverse impact of class upon our lives. The idea of a classless society is unlikely to ever be achieved, but a serious critique of class may help to create a more equal society, especially in the realm of the social institution of education. How to cite The Arguments of the Class Theorists, Papers

Penn Square Bank Down Corning Bankruptcy free essay sample

According to Norm Bowie, â€Å"sometimes being moral enhances the bottom line rather than reduces it† (Hartman, 2005, p108). Unfortunately, in the instances of Penn Square Bank and the Dow Corning bankruptcy, that may not have been the case. The following will examine the particulars of these situations and discuss the ethical issues present for each. Penn Square Bank Penn Square Bank was a small bank that played a large role in the Oklahoma banking crisis of the early 1980s. In an effort to maximize on the profits of the booming oil industry, the upper management of Penn Square Bank cut corners in several areas of its new lending division. Documentation to support million-dollar loans became lax. Collateral valuation and revenue recognition was severely over estimated without verification of the documentation to support such claims. Loan contracts were with casual deals and unspecific terms. Credit was extended based upon unverified personal letters paid for by the client. We will write a custom essay sample on Penn Square Bank Down Corning Bankruptcy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page These documentation errors led to loans not properly secured (Caskey, 1985). In addition, Penn Square was more and more money, which facilitated errors in revenue recognition as the bank accepted over estimated valuation claims without requiring loan or interest payments. Thus, on paper the bank looked successful without ever possessing the funds to support its lending endeavors. Finally, credit was extended without true verification of asset valuation or proper documentation, and re-extended when the client could not produce the payments necessary to support the lofty loans (Caskey, 1985). Each of Penn Square Bank’s actions represents a form of financial statement fraud, which led to its downfall in 1982. According to Fraud Examination, there are three ways to deter financial statement fraud: (1) reduce the pressure to commit the fraud, (2) reduce the opportunity to commit the fraud, and (3) reduce the rationalization of the fraud (Wells, 2005). However, in this instance, most if not all of the fraud committed can be attributed to demanding goals set by Penn State Bank owner, Bill Jennings. As explained by Hartman, the â€Å"driving force† of â€Å"profit maximization† created a business environment to facilitate fraud (2005). Because profit was the sole motivator, documentation was inadequate, collateral valuation and revenue recognition was overstated, and credit extension was unverified and inferior. Instead,  Penn Square Bank should have considered the following measures: †¢An oversight or review board should be been established to oversee verification of credit or collateral valuation and determine the risk associated with each loan. †¢Documentation requirements should have been heavily enforced and maintained by the review board. †¢Contract and loan deals should have been regulated to the office with strict documentation requirements. †¢Disclosures should have been made regarding the lack of loan and interest payments. †¢Asset valuation and revenue recognition should have been accurately portrayed to investors, clients, and potential buyers. †¢Upper management should have established company ethical standards and enforced these standards with strict consequences for violation without exception. Unfortunately, all the measures to deter fraud that should have been considered were undermined by the owner’s overwhelming demand for success. Thus, Jennings’ need to maximize profits and increase sales created the pressure, opportunity, and rationalization to commit each action of fraud. Dow Corning Bankruptcy Dow Corning Corporation is the big name in silicone and silicone-based material production. But in 1995, the company filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy to protect itself from lawsuits regarding their silicone-based breast implants. Some advocated that the action was an effort to â€Å"avoid compensating women for their injuries† (Book review, 1996, p7). However, according to Hartman, Chapter 11 bankruptcy is intended to protect companies from creditors while it undergoes restructuring in an effort to stave off liquidation. By doing so, the company continues business, pays taxes, and provide jobs but is allowed time to reorganize to triumph over its economic hardship (Hartman, 2005). The ethical challenge is to use Chapter 11 as it is intended – as a restructuring tool to avoid losing everything – rather than file for Chapter 11 as a way of cheating its creditors out of owed money. Hartman suggests that what is ethical in regard to bankruptcy is to go beyond what the laws require and uphold the debt agreements made with creditors (Hartman, 2005). Dow Corning seemed to have that same perspective. Nine years later the company emerged from bankruptcy after settling the lawsuits for a payout of $3.3 billion over the next 15 years (Arndt, 2004). During the time under Chapter 11, the company reorganized  itself to refocus silicone production to develop fabrics, materials, and pharmaceutical products (Arndt, 2004). These sales and expanding markets will help Dow Corning to pay its debts to the 300,000 women named in the settlement (Sissell, 2004). Thus, Dow Corning is Chapter 11 bankruptcy free but still upholding its ethical obligation to the wronged party and its creditors. Although Dow Corning’s actions following the Chapter 11 emergence was ethically sound, its actions leading to the filing was anything but. Problems with Dow Corning’s silicone breast implants began as early as 1984 when they lost a lawsuit claiming the implant caused medical illness such as autoimmune disease. During the investigation for this lawsuit, lawyers found evidence showing Dow Corning executives were aware of complaints from doctors, concerns about the lack of long-term testing, and cases of the implant bursting during surgery. In addition, the study that supposedly proved the effectiveness and safety of the product revealed detrimental long-term effects on the animals under experimentation (Book review, 1996). However, throughout all the breast implant concerns, Down Corning continued to advocate the safety of their product going as far as to hire high profile and extremely expensive teams of legal and public relations specialists. In addition, allegations were present of executives attempting to destroy damning internal documents suggesting upper management was trying to cover up its liability in the claims. The 1984 lawsuit found Dow Corning guilty of fraud and deceit stating the company provided inferior and incomplete information by understating the risks to make an informed decision (Book review, 1996). More important, it revealed the unethical behavior of the executives and company as a whole.